Research Report on the History of Computer Chinese Chess (Xiangqi) Game-Playing

A structured history of Chinese chess engine development from the 1980s to 2026, covering major engines, protocols, and community tooling. 2019 → Chinese Computer Game Championship (CCMC)

☰ Contents

2019

  • Xiangqi Xuanfeng won CCMC
  • Stockfish NNUE significantly surpassed the traditional evaluation version by the end of 2019
  • The Xiangqi community began attempting the NNUE technical route

2020

  • The pandemic affected offline competitions; CCMC was suspended
  • Online gaming platforms for Go and Xiangqi saw significant user growth
  • Research on the application of NNUE technology in Xiangqi accelerated

2021

  • Experimental Xiangqi engines based on Stockfish NNUE began appearing on GitHub
  • Preliminary technical exploration for the Pikafish project

2022

  • Pikafish was officially released on GitHub
  • The NNUE evaluation network, after adaptation, performed well in Xiangqi
  • Pikafish’s strength quickly caught up with and surpassed commercial engines
  • The Pikafish community grew rapidly; the Fishtest platform began operation
  • The Xiangqi engine ecosystem transitioned from commercial closed-source to open source community

Volume XIV: Xiangqi Engine Tournament System

ICGA Computer Olympiad

  • Organizer: International Computer Games Association (ICGA)
  • History: First held in 1989
  • Frequency: Every 1-2 years
  • Format: Swiss system or round-robin
  • Rules: Asian Xiangqi Rules
  • Entry conditions: Any independently developed engine can participate

Chinese Computer Game Championship (CCMC)

  • Organizer: Game Game Professional Committee of the Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence
  • History: First held in 2006
  • Frequency: Annually (suspended after 2020)
  • Format: Swiss system or round-robin
  • Rules: Chinese Xiangqi Competition Rules
  • Entry conditions: Domestic academic institutions and individual developers can participate